Asking for Debriefings…Again

01-Jun-04

 

Asking for Debriefings…Again

 

 

 

By: Donna Downes Knox

 

Most of us know about the many reports of American servicemen having been held back after the Korean War by our Communist enemies.  The sightings are varied.  Some have men being sent to the Soviet Union and China.  Others describe men seen in North Korea off and on for years…decades…after the war.  These are the stuff that families' nightmares are made of.  The tormenting thoughts of someone we love having been ripped from family, friends and country and held captive by tyrants who cared nothing for their well-being.  The worst possible news, and yet we press for the information.  It's that inexplicable Need to Know.

 

All these years later, the Soviet Union has become a federation of democratic states within which our investigators and researchers are working.  China is coming along more slowly, but at least we have a developing diplomatic dialogue with the Chinese government, not to mention billions of dollars in trade each year that should compel some measure of cooperation.

 

North Korea has remained an enigma: closed to the world and not much more transparent than it was 50 years ago, when our men were lost behind its curtain of dark mystery.  We hunger for glimpses we might gain into the murky abyss.  Such opportunities have really only come in the form of reports from those who have escaped from inside.

 

There have been many.  By all accounts, thousands of North Koreans have made their way out over the years.  Most have been ordinary citizens, but some have been military personnel and other government officials.  Most intriguing have been the dozens of South Korean POWs who were captured during the war and held back.  Or the Japanese woman who was kidnapped by the North Koreans as a teenager, then later married an American 'defector' with whom she lived in North Korea until her recent return to Japan. What might any of these individuals know about Americans having been kept after the war?  Maybe nothing.  Maybe something.

 

We are told that these escapees are all interviewed…debriefed…upon their arrival in the free world.  We are told that American Defense Intelligence officials question them about American POWs, and that none of them has had any credible information.  For better or worse, it's hard to have blind faith.  Too many times in the past we have learned of half truths, outright misinformation, or facts withheld.  I'm reminded of Daniel Ellsberg's Secrets, a discussion of events that led to the infamous Pentagon Papers, in which he talks about the mosaic of lies concerning the Vietnam War that were regularly fed by the Executive Branch to Congress, the media and the American People.

 

The Coalition has repeatedly requested access to the debriefings of people who make their way out of North Korea.  We are told that South Korea refuses to permit dissemination of the information, and that our own government is obliged to honor that position.  If the questions are asked and the answers are innocuous, why can't we see the reports?  If the answers contain information about Americans, we should most certainly be kept informed.   Either way, the blanket refusal, and the persistent claim that no credible information has been learned, doesn't set well.  Many families harbor a suspicion that someone is hiding something.

 

There are valid reasons for this.  For example, this past October, ABC NEWSONLINE, an Australian media outlet, published the story of a former high level North Korean Army officer, Kim Yong, who defected.  Mr. Kim reportedly claims to have seen seven American or British POWs from the Korean War in a North Korean prison camp in 1996.   The information might or might not have been 'credible', but families of missing American servicemen should have been told about the sighting.  We should have been given a copy of relevant portions of Mr. Kim's debriefing report, so we could see the questions asked and the answers given.  We are entitled to scrutinize the process by which our government is accounting for its missing servicemen.  The Coalition is now attempting to reach Mr. Kim directly in Los Angeles, where he reportedly lives.

 

In December, Jun Yong-il became the latest of more than 30 South Korean POWs to escape from North Korea, whose government has denied for more than 50 years that it held any prisoners back.  Mr. Jun and the others are living proof that this is not true.  Even if Mr. Jun does not have direct information about Americans, there are countless tid bits of information that could be informative.

 

In the 1970s and 80s (and no-doubt since) U.S. intelligence cables discussed live sightings of American POWs in North Korea.  The sources were debriefed and reports were made.  A handful of these have surfaced now and again.  I've seen some of them.  All sorts of questions come to mind when I read them.  We families should be provided such reports to compare with other information we have; to follow-up with inquiries and requested action.  News of debriefings that did contain information about Americans…credible or not…have made their way to the foreign media throughout the years.  A North Korean police officer claimed he had personal contact with Americans in a prison compound during the 1990s.  A former North Korean government insider, who was later arrested and sent to a labor camp, reported knowledge of American POWs there in the early 1990s.

 

Questions raised by older intelligence reports linger.  Who was the blue-eyed Caucasian working a collective farm in North Korea in the late 1970s, reported to be an American POW?  Who are the eleven Americans reported by several sources to have been teaching English to North Korean officials in Pyongyang for years?  And who are the eleven American 'survivors' of the Korean War that government asset Bobby Eagan said were offered-up by the North Koreans in the midst of the North Korean spy submarine incident several years ago?

 

For years the North Korean government has refused to even designate a point of contact on the issue of live Americans held back.  Their pat answer has been that all POWs were repatriated after the war.  Interestingly, they seem to have now softened their stance on this.  During recent meetings with American negotiators, the North Koreans reportedly agreed to 'present to their leaders a proposal to establish a single point of contact to resolve reports of Americans living in North Korea'.  This is a far cry from straightforward answers about what happened to so many missing men, but it could be the signal of a new era of compromise by the North Koreans, who desperately need to find their way into the rest of the world community.  Should diplomatic channels indeed begin to open up, we would like to be armed with more complete information upon which to build our accounting agenda.

 

U.S. wartime intelligence documents recently uncovered in the NARA archives by Coalition researchers reference American Korean War POWs doomed to be sent to Moscow and China.  Many other such documents have been around for years.  It is not far-fetched that men would have been held back in North Korea.

 

It is time to gather and present the body of evidence that has amassed over the years that suggests the continued presence in North Korea of American POWs.  This might be a delicate diplomatic and political challenge, but that is no excuse for avoiding the issue.  The family and veteran communities have served as resources and as watchdogs on the accounting issue from the beginning.  It is our losses that motivate the search for answers.  We are entitled to receive relevant information about the possible existence of our missing servicemen in North Korea, or elsewhere.  We want to be the judge of what is credible and what is not.  Let us see the reports and press for more information or action, if we think either is needed.

 

We reject the ill-defined excuse that South Korea refuses to allow dissemination of the debriefing reports coming from those who make it out of North Korea.  Considering the sacrifices made by our men in defense of South Korea's freedom, there should be total cooperation in helping us get answers.

 

The Coalition has renewed our request to DPMO for help in resolving this issue.  We invite other family members and veterans to support the effort to obtain debriefing reports from individuals who escape or defect from North Korea.  From there we can mount appropriate oversight of what is being done to account for missing American servicemen who might have been held captive in North Korea…or elsewhere…for years.

 

 

Most of us know about the many reports of American servicemen having been held back after the Korean War by our Communist enemies.  The sightings are varied.  Some have men being sent to the Soviet Union and China.  Others describe men seen in North Korea off and on for years…decades…after the war.  These are the stuff that families' nightmares are made of.  The tormenting thoughts of someone we love having been ripped from family, friends and country and held captive by tyrants who cared nothing for their well-being.  The worst possible news, and yet we press for the information.  It's that inexplicable Need to Know.

 

All these years later, the Soviet Union has become a federation of democratic states within which our investigators and researchers are working.  China is coming along more slowly, but at least we have a developing diplomatic dialogue with the Chinese government, not to mention billions of dollars in trade each year that should compel some measure of cooperation.

 

North Korea has remained an enigma: closed to the world and not much more transparent than it was 50 years ago, when our men were lost behind its curtain of dark mystery.  We hunger for glimpses we might gain into the murky abyss.  Such opportunities have really only come in the form of reports from those who have escaped from inside.

 

There have been many.  By all accounts, thousands of North Koreans have made their way out over the years.  Most have been ordinary citizens, but some have been military personnel and other government officials.  Most intriguing have been the dozens of South Korean POWs who were captured during the war and held back.  Or the Japanese woman who was kidnapped by the North Koreans as a teenager, then later married an American 'defector' with whom she lived in North Korea until her recent return to Japan. What might any of these individuals know about Americans having been kept after the war?  Maybe nothing.  Maybe something.

 

We are told that these escapees are all interviewed…debriefed…upon their arrival in the free world.  We are told that American Defense Intelligence officials question them about American POWs, and that none of them has had any credible information.  For better or worse, it's hard to have blind faith.  Too many times in the past we have learned of half truths, outright misinformation, or facts withheld.  I'm reminded of Daniel Ellsberg's Secrets, a discussion of events that led to the infamous Pentagon Papers, in which he talks about the mosaic of lies concerning the Vietnam War that were regularly fed by the Executive Branch to Congress, the media and the American People.

 

The Coalition has repeatedly requested access to the debriefings of people who make their way out of North Korea.  We are told that South Korea refuses to permit dissemination of the information, and that our own government is obliged to honor that position.  If the questions are asked and the answers are innocuous, why can't we see the reports?  If the answers contain information about Americans, we should most certainly be kept informed.   Either way, the blanket refusal, and the persistent claim that no credible information has been learned, doesn't set well.  Many families harbor a suspicion that someone is hiding something.

 

There are valid reasons for this.  For example, this past October, ABC NEWSONLINE, an Australian media outlet, published the story of a former high level North Korean Army officer, Kim Yong, who defected.  Mr. Kim reportedly claims to have seen seven American or British POWs from the Korean War in a North Korean prison camp in 1996.   The information might or might not have been 'credible', but families of missing American servicemen should have been told about the sighting.  We should have been given a copy of relevant portions of Mr. Kim's debriefing report, so we could see the questions asked and the answers given.  We are entitled to scrutinize the process by which our government is accounting for its missing servicemen.  The Coalition is now attempting to reach Mr. Kim directly in Los Angeles, where he reportedly lives.

 

In December, Jun Yong-il became the latest of more than 30 South Korean POWs to escape from North Korea, whose government has denied for more than 50 years that it held any prisoners back.  Mr. Jun and the others are living proof that this is not true.  Even if Mr. Jun does not have direct information about Americans, there are countless tid bits of information that could be informative.

 

In the 1970s and 80s (and no-doubt since) U.S. intelligence cables discussed live sightings of American POWs in North Korea.  The sources were debriefed and reports were made.  A handful of these have surfaced now and again.  I've seen some of them.  All sorts of questions come to mind when I read them.  We families should be provided such reports to compare with other information we have; to follow-up with inquiries and requested action.

 

News of debriefings that did contain information about Americans…credible or not…have made their way to the foreign media throughout the years.  A North Korean police officer claimed he had personal contact with Americans in a prison compound during the 1990s.  A former North Korean government insider, who was later arrested and sent to a labor camp, reported knowledge of American POWs there in the early 1990s.

 

Questions raised by older intelligence reports linger.  Who was the blue-eyed Caucasian working a collective farm in North Korea in the late 1970s, reported to be an American POW?  Who are the eleven Americans reported by several sources to have been teaching English to North Korean officials in Pyongyang for years?  And who are the eleven American 'survivors' of the Korean War that government asset Bobby Eagan said were offered-up by the North Koreans in the midst of the North Korean spy submarine incident several years ago?

 

For years the North Korean government has refused to even designate a point of contact on the issue of live Americans held back.  Their pat answer has been that all POWs were repatriated after the war.  Interestingly, they seem to have now softened their stance on this.  During recent meetings with American negotiators, the North Koreans reportedly agreed to 'present to their leaders a proposal to establish a single point of contact to resolve reports of Americans living in North Korea'.  This is a far cry from straightforward answers about what happened to so many missing men, but it could be the signal of a new era of compromise by the North Koreans, who desperately need to find their way into the rest of the world community.  Should diplomatic channels indeed begin to open up, we would like to be armed with more complete information upon which to build our accounting agenda.

 

U.S. wartime intelligence documents recently uncovered in the NARA archives by Coalition researchers reference American Korean War POWs doomed to be sent to Moscow and China.  Many other such documents have been around for years.  It is not far-fetched that men would have been held back in North Korea.

 

It is time to gather and present the body of evidence that has amassed over the years that suggests the continued presence in North Korea of American POWs.  This might be a delicate diplomatic and political challenge, but that is no excuse for avoiding the issue.  The family and veteran communities have served as resources and as watchdogs on the accounting issue from the beginning.  It is our losses that motivate the search for answers.  We are entitled to receive relevant information about the possible existence of our missing servicemen in North Korea, or elsewhere.  We want to be the judge of what is credible and what is not.  Let us see the reports and press for more information or action, if we think either is needed.

 

We reject the ill-defined excuse that South Korea refuses to allow dissemination of the debriefing reports coming from those who make it out of North Korea.  Considering the sacrifices made by our men in defense of South Korea's freedom, there should be total cooperation in helping us get answers.

 

The Coalition has renewed our request to DPMO for help in resolving this issue.  We invite other family members and veterans to support the effort to obtain debriefing reports from individuals who escape or defect from North Korea.  From there we can mount appropriate oversight of what is being done to account for missing American servicemen who might have been held captive in North Korea…or elsewhere…for years.

 


Coalition Headquarters
P.O. Box 7152
Roanoke, VA 24019-0152
email@coalitionoffamilies.org

 

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